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Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Others Others. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Subscribe to the myDr Newsletter. Get notified about trending articles. Some carbohydrates are degraded into simple sugars, or monosaccharides e.
Pancreatic amylase breaks down some carbohydrates notably starch into oligosaccharides. Other carbohydrates pass undigested into the large intestine, where they are digested by intestinal bacteria. Brush border enzymes take over from there. The most important brush border enzymes are dextrinase and glucoamylase, which further break down oligosaccharides.
Other brush border enzymes are maltase, sucrase, and lactase. Lactase is absent in most adult humans and for them lactose, like most poly-saccharides, is not digested in the small intestine. Some carbohydrates, such as cellulose, are not digested at all, despite being made of multiple glucose units. This is because the cellulose is made out of beta-glucose that makes the inter-monosaccharidal bindings different from the ones present in starch, which consists of alpha-glucose.
Humans lack the enzyme for splitting the beta-glucose-bonds—that is reserved for herbivores and bacteria in the large intestine. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. Digestive System. Search for:. The Small Intestine.
Anatomy of the Small Intestine The small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place.
Learning Objectives Diagram the anatomy of the small intestine. Key Takeaways Key Points The small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract that follows the stomach, which is in turn followed by the large intestine. The small intestine is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Much of the small intestine is covered in projections called villi that increase the surface area of the tissue available to absorb nutrients from the gut contents. Key Terms duodenum : The first part of the small intestine that starts at the lower end of the stomach and extending to the jejunum. Histology of the Small Intestine The small intestine wall has four layers: the outermost serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and innermost mucosa.
Learning Objectives Describe the histology of the small intestine. Key Takeaways Key Points The outermost layer of the intestine, the serosa, is a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells that secrete serous fluid, and a thin layer of connective tissue.
The muscularis is a region of muscle adjacent to the submucosa membrane. In general, a sensible, balanced and healthy diet is recommended but people should avoid foods which they feel clearly upset their stomachs or provoke symptoms. Regular, unhurried meals are also important. Smoking is an important factor in causing disorders of the stomach and duodenum.
Tobacco contains compounds which increases acid production, impair production of protective mucus and damage the lining of the stomach, thereby predisposing to erosion and ulcers. Excess alcohol intake, especially spirits or hard liquor, irritates the gastric lining and may also play a role in causing gastritis , ulcers, and gastric cancer.
A variety of medications may cause problems in the stomach and duodenum. Aspirin and other anti-inflammatory drugs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAID's used to treat muscular and arthritic pain, commonly damage the stomach lining and cause erosions, ulcers and bleeding from the stomach and duodenum.
Other medications interfere with gastric emptying and cause nausea, bloating or vomiting. If you suffer from problems with your stomach, you should always consult your doctor before taking any new medications. The role of psychological stress in the development of symptoms of indigestion and peptic ulcer disease is not clear. Periods of stress can make most medical conditions worse but whether stress specifically predisposes people to the development of peptic ulcers is not clear at present.
Digestive Disease Center. Digestive Diseases. Small Intestine. Digestive Organs. Chronic Pancreatitis Surgery. Laparoscopic Surgery. Rectal Surgery. Medical Tests. Abdominal Scans. Barium Radiology. Function Studies. Interventional Radiology.
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