Shulchan Aruch O. The Mishna Brurah also holds like the Rambam but adds that there are some rishonim who allow one to pray earlier and in certain cases see further one may pray earlier. Aruch Hashulchan ! Kaf Hachaim adds that really the best time is after plag mincha, He even writes that it is preferable to pray before ten and three quarter hours rather than pray with a minyan , however, the minhag is not like this. Nonetheless, he agrees that the minhag is not like this.
Rav Yitzchak Yosef Motzei Shabbat Shemot approx min 30 explained that his father used to say mincha only after mincha ketana but later said it at mincha gedola. He recommended it for a yeshiva setting. He also explained that the Rif and Rosh hold that it is permitted even initially to say mincha at mincha gedola. Kaf HaChaim also writes that there are those who are lenient to pray early if there is a need.
Yalkut Yosef Brachot page and Halichot Olam vol 1 pg writes that it is preferable to pray after six and a half hours in order to avoid having a meal before praying Mincha after the time for Mincha has arrived. Rav Yitzchak Yosef Motzei Shabbat Shemot min 43 said that although the Shoel Vnishal held that it is better to daven by oneself than to daven at mincha gedola the halacha doesn't follow that opinion.
Kaf HaChaim quotes the dispute of the achronim but concludes that because Tefillah is derabbanan one does not have to pray again. In an extenuating circumstance he allows davening mincha until 3. Peninei Halacha Tefillah holds that one can follow the Mishna Brurah who is based on Rabbenu Tam and even though we do not follow Rabbenu Tam since many agree with him.
Rav Nevinsal on Mishna Brurah writes that someone who doesn't always follow Rabbenu Tam on ending Shabbat can not daven mincha after sunset even after the fact. Bmarah Habazek writes that one shouldn't daven after sunset and just daven tashlumin. Rav Belsky held that it is possible to daven up to 9 minutes after sunset based on Rav Moshe. See Igrot Moshe who writes that one shouldn't pray mincha after sunset. See further Igrot Moshe Rabbi Meir Mazuz in Bayit Neeman p.
Yismach Lev 16 writes that even on Friday night if one said maariv one may still answer kedusha. The Rabbenu Yonah 18b s. The Magen Avraham and Mishna Brurah agree that this halacha applies equally to a weeknight as to Friday night. Tosfot Brachot 27a s.
Ta Shma writes that according to Rabbi Yehuda the earliest time to say Mariv is ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan the earliest time is nighttime. The Maharsha 27a s. Tah Shma asks why Tosfot needed to prove something which was so obvious from the Gemara. The Rabbenu Yonah Brachot 18b s. DeAved writes that whichever opinion one follows one must be consistent and always follow the same opinion.
This is also opinion of the Rosh Brachot quoting a Gaon. Additionally, the Kesef Mishna Tefillah says that this is implicit in the Rambam and furthermore that it is the simple explanation of the words of the Gemara.
Tur and Shulchan Aruch codify the opinion of Rabbenu Yonah. The Shulchan Aruch rules that in extenuating circumstances one may pray Arvit before nighttime even though one always follows Rabbanan.
Mishna Brurah writes that this is only permissible if that day itself one already prayed Mincha prior to ten and three quarter hours. However, in Shaar Hatziyun he quotes the Derech Hachayim that if one prayed mincha before plag and the only option is to daven after plag maariv with a minyan or after tzeit without a minyan, it is better to daven with a minyan after plag.
If he didn't daven minyan until after mincha, it is better to daven oneself maariv than to daven in a minyan before sunset and contradict oneself within one day. He then quotes Rav Hai Goan who says that one should only say Shema with them without kavana to fulfill one's obligation but skip Brachot Kriyat Shema.
He writes that one shouldn't follow the Gra unless one always does according to his opinion. In all of those places the calculation of Plag is made from Tzet according to the Geonim. Thereby, the Sephardi Plag Mincha is generally between 10 and 20 minutes after the Gra plag. Rather they need to daven after plag which is 1. Tzet is only 20 minutes They should print the plag according to Sephardim.
Shulchan Aruch says the minhag is like Rabbanan and Rama says the minhag is like Rabbi Yehuda. Nowadays, Piskei Teshuvot writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is also like Rabbanan. The Rambam Kriyat Shema concurs. Rashi Brachot 2a s. Ad Sof also holds that one does not fulfill Shema until Tzet HaKochavim but defends the practice to say Shema in Shul with the Brachot explaining that the Shema in Shul is only to precede Shmoneh Esrei with words of Torah, whereas the primary time one fulfills one's obligation of saying Shema is before going to sleep.
Rabbenu Tam quoted by Tosfot Brachot 2a s. Both terms derive from the Hebrew word erev , which means "evening. The three daily prayer services are believed to be tied to the daily sacrifices morning, afternoon, and evening during the times of the Temple in Jerusalem Mishnah Brachot Although sacrifices were not traditionally brought at night, those who missed the opportunity to burn animal parts during the day had the option of doing so in the evening. As an option, the evening prayer also became understood to be optional.
In the Talmud , the rabbis say that maariv is ein la kava , which means "without a fixed time" but in the discussion, the Talmud says that the service is reshut , or optional, as mentioned above.
This is unlike the morning and afternoon services, which are hovah , or mandatory Brachot 26a. At some point, the prayer was taken back up and became obligatory, as it is today, although there are still vestiges of the optional status. For example, the Amidah prayer, which is usually repeated by the prayer leader in the morning and afternoon services, is not repeated in the maariv service.
Other sources date the maariv service even further back, suggesting that Jacob, the third patriarch instituted the third prayer. In Genesis , Jacob leaves Beersheba for Haran, and "met at the place, for the sun had set. Probably the shortest of all of the daily prayer services, the whole service clocks in at about 10 to 15 minutes. In many cases, the afternoon, or mincha , service and the maariv service are back to back since everyone is already at the synagogue.
If you're praying alone, this is the order of the service:. If you're praying with a minyan quorum of 10 , then the service opens with the leader saying the Kaddish and Barechu , which is essentially a call to prayer. Additionally, the prayer leader will recite the Kaddish before and after the Amidah. When it comes to timing, maariv can be recited any time after sunset, although there are specifics about when you can recite the evening Shema.
Thus, Rabbi Moshe Feinstein, the great sage of the 20th century, ruled that maariv should begin 45 minutes after sundown. The latest one can say maariv is what is known as halachic midnight, which is the halfway point between sundown and sunrise. Depending on whether it's Daylight Savings Time, the scan is before or after 12 a. When in doubt about timing, try using MyZmanim. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data.
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