Published online Oct Juliana R. Andriamandimby 3. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Tongavelona, Email: moc. Corresponding author. Email: moc. Received Mar 8; Accepted May 7.
Associated Data Supplementary Materials. Key Clinical Message Hydrophobia is a clinical sign characteristic of human rabies. Keywords: human rabies, hydrophobia. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Supporting information Click here for additional data file. GPV policy statement on vaccine quality.
At later stages of disease, the patient starts contracting his muscles even at the thought of water. Rabies virus is a neurotropic virus which means that it travels through nerves because of its preference to attach to acetylcholine receptors in the neurons.
That is how the virus spreads from the bite site to the brain via the nerves. No doubt, the selected answer is sufficient for the question. But for the ones more interested in citations, here is a more credible answer. When the rabies virus attacks someone, it begins with muscle cells, so that it is not detected by the host's immune system.
There, it binds to neurons at neuromuscular junction 1. Rabies virus, being neurotropic, binds preferentially to neurons, specifically the acetylcholine receptors on neurons. After binding to neuromuscular junction, it uses retrograde transport to travel to the axon, as its P protein interacts with dynein in neurons. As soon as it reaches in neuron cell body, it rapidly reaches the central nervous system, where it replicates in motor neurons and quickly reaches the brain 2.
From here, it travels to peripheral and autonomic nervous system and then reaches the salivary glands 3. Now, lets come from the how part to the why part. Rabies virus gets accumulated in salivary glands of the host so that it can get transmitted further on to the next host.
And, as one might expect, drinking water or other fluids can decrease the virus's ability to get transmitted 4. To prevent this, the virus causes painful spasms in throat and larynx so that not only saliva production in host is greatly increased, but also drinking, or even thinking about drinking, causes excruciatingly painful spasms in throat.
Since the muscular movements during drinking or eating are involuntary, and the virus has already infected autonomic nervous system and motor neurons, it is thus able to control involuntary muscle movements of throat and larynx in the host 5. PLOS Pathogens. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 7th ed. Baer, George The Natural History of Rabies. CRC Press. ISBN Apparently, this virus is generally found in the saliva of animals that have been infected and spread through bites, scratches, or scratches that enter the human body.
Animals that are often caught by this virus include dogs, foxes, wolves, cats, bats and monkeys. One of the symptoms of Rabies in humans is that Rabies causes fear of water. In other words, people with Rabies are considered as a hydrophobic. What makes them fear of water exactly?
One of Rabies severe symptoms is that Rabies causes fear of water. Hydrophobia in Rabies is caused by extreme pain in the patient when swallowing fluids, including water and saliva.
For that matter, rabies does not cause fear of water because fear of something which causes the body to feel pain is a natural thing to happen, including in Rabies sufferers. This is also why animals with Rabies will be often seen drooling heavily from their mouths. Then why swallowing fluids can be painful for Rabies sufferers? As a matter of fact, Rabies will make the muscles paralyzed sooner or later.
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